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Information

• Y-DNA
• mtDNA
• Admixtures
• Cultures
• Migrations
• Ancient DNA
• DNA World
• DNA Caucasus

Y-DNA Haplogroups

• A
• B
• C
• D
• E
• F
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Ancient DNA

• DNA from the European Neolithic
   
• DNA from the Near Eastern Neolithic
  
• Mesolithic Western Eurasian DNA


• Palaeolithic DNA from Eurasia
  
• Paleolithic mtDNA samples
  
• Mesolithic mtDNA samples


• Neolithic and сhalcolithic Y-DNA and mtDNA samples
  
• Bronze age Y-DNA and mtDNA samples


• Iron age mtDNA samples
  
• Ancient Western Eurasian DNA of the Copper and Bronze Ages


• Iron Age DNA from Europe and West Asia
  
• Ancient DNA from North Africa and the Canary Islands


• Ancient DNA from the Silk Road
  
• Ancient DNA of the Xiongnu, Hsiung-nu or Huns
  
• Ancient Jewish DNA


• Ancient Roman DNA
  
• Medieval and Modern European and West Asian DNA
  
• Royal DNA of Europe


• Ancient DNA related to traits and diseases (Lactase persistence; HIV resistence; Pigmentation)
  
• Famous DNA

Royal DNA of Europe Mitochondrial and Y-chromosome haplogroups extracted from historic human remains in Europe, or calculated from descendants, arranged chronologically.
Royal house	Country	Individual	Sex	Date of death	Y-DNA		mtDNA		Source
Estridsen	Denmark	Sven II Estridsen, King of Denmark	M	d. 1074 AD			H	7028C	Dissing 2007
	Denmark	Margrethe, alias Estrid, Queen of Denmark (?Margareta Hasbjörnsdatter, spouse of King Harald III?)	F	11th-century			H5a2	16093C, 16304C, reported as H5a	Dissing 2007
Bjelbo	Sweden	Birger Magnusson	M	1266	I1	M253	H	CRS	Malmstrom 2011
Bjelbo	Sweden	Erik, son of Birger	M	1275	I1	M253	Z1a	16129A, 16185T, 16223T, 16224C, 16260T, 16298C	Malmstrom 2011
	Sweden	Mechtild of Holstein	F	1288			U5b1	16189C, 16270T	Malmstrom 2011
York	England	Richard III	M	1485	G2	P287; Differs from that of three male line descendants of Edward III via John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster and Henry Somerset, 5th Duke of Beaufort (1744–1803), which are U152 xL2,Z36,Z56,M126,M160,Z192. Infidelity must therefore have taken place somewhere on either the York or Lancester lines.	J1c2c	73G, 146C, 185A, 188G, 263G, 295T, 315.1C, 16069T, 16126C,	Ehrenberg 2013; King 2014
Bourbon	France	Henry IV (from head thought to be his)	M	1610	G2a?	Partial Y-STR profile matching that thought to be Louis XVI below, but latter now discredited	U5b*	16239T 16270T 16311C	Charlier 2012
Bourbon	France	Henry IV (from three known male-line descendants)	M	1610	R1b1b2a1a1b	U106, Z381			Larmuseau 2013
Mukhrani	Kakheti [Georgia]	Ketevan	F	1624			U1b		Rai 2013
Bourbon	France	Louis XVI (from blood presumed to be his, but does not match that of Bourboun descendants, and genome does not match the appearance of Louis XVI)	M	1793	G2a	M52A, M216G, M174A, M181T, M201T, M91A, M96G, M214A	N1b	73G, 151T, 152C, 189G, 194T, 195C, 263G, 315.1C, 16093C, 16145A, 16176(G), 16223T	Lalueza-Fox 2010; Larmuseau 2013; Olalde 2014
Bonaparte	France	Napoleon Bonaparte	M	1821	E1b1b1b2a1d	M123, M34, L791, L792		16184T	Lucotte 2011; Lucotte 2013
Saxe-Coburg and Gotha	UK	Victoria, as deduced from living descendants in the female line and the remains of the Empress Alexandra Feodorovna and her children	F	1901			H	263G, 315.1C, 524.1A,524.2C,750G, 1438G, 3010A, 4137T, 4769G, 8860G, 15326G, 16111T, 16357C, 16519C	Rogaev 2009; Coble 2009
Romanov	Russia	Nicholas II	M	1918	R1b		T*	16126C, 16169Y*, 16294T, 16296T, 73G, 263G, 315.1C * Y= heteroplasmy	Rogaev 2009; Coble 2009