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Y-DNA Haplogroups

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Ancient DNA

• DNA from the European Neolithic
   
• DNA from the Near Eastern Neolithic
  
• Mesolithic Western Eurasian DNA


• Palaeolithic DNA from Eurasia
  
• Paleolithic mtDNA samples
  
• Mesolithic mtDNA samples


• Neolithic and сhalcolithic Y-DNA and mtDNA samples
  
• Bronze age Y-DNA and mtDNA samples


• Iron age mtDNA samples
  
• Ancient Western Eurasian DNA of the Copper and Bronze Ages


• Iron Age DNA from Europe and West Asia
  
• Ancient DNA from North Africa and the Canary Islands


• Ancient DNA from the Silk Road
  
• Ancient DNA of the Xiongnu, Hsiung-nu or Huns
  
• Ancient Jewish DNA


• Ancient Roman DNA
  
• Medieval and Modern European and West Asian DNA
  
• Royal DNA of Europe


• Ancient DNA related to traits and diseases (Lactase persistence; HIV resistence; Pigmentation)
  
• Famous DNA

Ancient DNA from the Silk Road Mitochondrial and Y-chromosome haplogroups extracted from historic human remains mainly in Xinjiang provice in Western China in prehistoric and historic periods. Xinjiang was a key node on the the Silk Road, a popular name for the collection of ancient trade routes that for several millennia linked China to the Mediterranean.
Culture	Country	Site and Individual	Sex	Date	Y-DNA		mtDNA		Source
		pigmentation surviving		usually approximate	Haplogroup	Additional information	Haplogroup	Additional information
Tocharian?	China	Urumchi, Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Autonomous Region		2000 BC			H	16298T	Francalacci 1995
Tocharian?	China	Xiaohe (Small River) Cemetery, Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Autonomous Region [100, 102]	F	2515 ± 43 BC			C4	2 samples 16298C, 16327T	Li 2010
Tocharian?	China	Xiaohe, Xinjiang [106]	M	2515 ± 43 BC	R1a1a	M89+, M9+, M45+, M173+, M198+ (Z93-)	C4	16298C, 16327T	Li 2010 (and answer to comments)
Tocharian?	China	Xiaohe, Xinjiang [107] Nut-brown hair	F	2515 ± 43 BC			C4	16223, 16298C 16309, 16327T	Li 2010
Tocharian?	China	Xiaohe, Xinjiang [109] Light brown hair	F	2515 ± 43 BC			C4	16298C, 16327T	Li 2010
Tocharian?	China	Xiaohe, Xinjiang [110] Brown hair	F	2515 ± 43 BC			C4	16298C, 16327T	Li 2010
Tocharian?	China	Xiaohe, Xinjiang [111] Brown hair	M	2515 ± 43 BC	R1a1a	M89+, M9+, M45+, M173+, M198+ (Z93-)	C4	16223, 16298C 16309, 16327T	Li 2010 (and answer to comments)
Tocharian?	China	Xiaohe, Xinjiang [115] Brown black hair	M	2515 ± 43 BC	R1a1a	M89+, M9+, M45+, M173+, M198+ (Z93-)	C4	16298C, 16327T	Li 2010 (and answer to comments)
Tocharian?	China	Xiaohe, Xinjiang [117]	F	2515 ± 43 BC			M*	16223, 16304	Li 2010
Tocharian?	China	Xiaohe, Xinjiang [119] Light brown hair	F	2515 ± 43 BC			K	1693, 16134T, 16224, 16311, 16390	Li 2010
Tocharian?	China	Xiaohe, Xinjiang [120] Brown-black hair	M	2515 ± 43 BC	R1a1a	M89+, M9+, M45+, M173+, M198+ (Z93-)	R*	16189, 16192, 16311	Li 2010 (and answer to comments)
Tocharian?	China	Xiaohe, Xinjiang [121]	M	2515 ± 43 BC	R1a1a	M89+, M9+, M45+, M173+, M198+ (Z93-)	R*	16183, 16189, 16192 16311	Li 2010
Tocharian?	China	Xiaohe, Xinjiang [127]	F	2515 ± 43 BC			C4	16223, 16298C, 16309, 16327T	Li 2010
Tocharian?	China	Xiaohe, Xinjiang [128] Brown-black hair	F	2515 ± 43 BC			H	16260T	Li 2010
Tocharian?	China	Xiaohe, Xinjiang [131] Nut-brown hair	F	2515 ± 43 BC			R*	16189, 16192, 16311 16390	Li 2010
Tocharian?	China	Xiaohe, Xinjiang [132] Nut-brown hair	F	2515 ± 43 BC			C4	16298C, 16327T	Li 2010
Tocharian?	China	Xiaohe, Xinjiang [135] Black hair	F	2515 ± 43 BC			C4	16223, 16298C 16309, 16327T	Li 2010
Tocharian?	China	Xiaohe, Xinjiang [136] Nut-brown hair	M	2515 ± 43 BC	R1a1a	M89+, M9+, M45+, M173+, M198+ (Z93-)	C4	16298C, 16327T	Li 2010 (and answer to comments)
Tocharian?	China	Xiaohe, Xinjiang [138] Brown-black hair	F	2515 ± 43 BC			C4	16298C, 16327T	Li 2010
Tocharian?	China	Xiaohe, Xinjiang [139] Brown hair	M	2515 ± 43 BC	R1a1a	M89+, M9+, M45+, M173+, M198+ (Z93-)	C4	16298C, 16327T	Li 2010
	China	Xiaohe, Xinjiang [T18-1]	M	2515-1829 BC			D	16051, 16223, 16362	Li 2015
	China	Xiaohe, Xinjiang [T18-7]		2515-1829 BC			G2a	16223, 16278, 16293, 16297, 16362	Li 2015
	China	Xiaohe, Xinjiang [T22-6]		2515-1829 BC			D	16223, 16234, 16316, 16362	Li 2015
	China	Xiaohe, Xinjiang [T23-4, T24-7, T28-9]		2515-1829 BC			C4	3 samples 16298, 16327	Li 2015
	China	Xiaohe, Xinjiang [T24-12]	M	2515-1829 BC			?	16129, 16223, reported as M5	Li 2015
	China	Xiaohe, Xinjiang [T28-5]	M	2515-1829 BC			U5a	16192, 16256, 16270	Li 2015
	China	Xiaohe, Xinjiang [T28-8]	M	2515-1829 BC			B5	16182C, 16183C, 16189, 16217, 16243, 16355	Li 2015
	China	Xiaohe, Xinjiang [T29-12]	M	2515-1829 BC			?	16129, 16223, 16304, reported as M	Li 2015
	China	Xiaohe, Xinjiang [T35-1]	M	2515-1829 BC			?	16184, 16223, 16298, 16319, reported as M	Li 2015
	China	Xiaohe, Xinjiang [MW, Bm22]	F + M	2515-1829 BC			U7	2 samples 16318T	Li 2015
	China	Xiaohe, Xinjiang [M12]	F	2515-1829 BC			H	CRS	Li 2015
	China	Xiaohe, Xinjiang [M39]	M	2515-1829 BC			C4	16129, 16223, 16298, 16327	Li 2015
	China	Xiaohe, Xinjiang [M55]	F	2515-1829 BC			C4	16093, 16129, 16223, 16298, 16311, 16327	Li 2015
	China	Xiaohe, Xinjiang [M62]	M	2515-1829 BC			K	16183C, 16189, 16224, 16256, 16311	Li 2015
	China	Xiaohe, Xinjiang [Bm1, Bm2, Bm10, BM24, M70, M75, M87, M99, M130]		2515-1829 BC			C4	9 samples 16223, 16298, 16309, 16327	Li 2015
	China	Xiaohe, Xinjiang [Bm5]	F	2515-1829 BC			T	16126, 16292, 16294	Li 2015
	China	Xiaohe, Xinjiang [Bm9]	M	2515-1829 BC			U2e	16051, 16129C, 16182C, 16183C, 16189, 16261, 16362	Li 2015
	China	Xiaohe, Xinjiang [BM18]	F	2515-1829 BC			C5	16223, 16288, 16298, 16327	Li 2015
	China	Xiaohe, Xinjiang [Bm20]	F	2515-1829 BC			D	16192, 16223, 16266, 16362	Li 2015
	China	Xiaohe, Xinjiang [Bm25]	M	2515-1829 BC			R	16183C, 16189, 16261, 16311, 16390	Li 2015
	China	Xiaohe, Xinjiang [M95]	M	2515-1829 BC			U5a	16192, 16256, 16270, 16291	Li 2015
	China	Xiaohe, Xinjiang [M89, M93]	F	2515-1829 BC			C4	2 samples 16298, 16327	Li 2015
	China	Xiaohe, Xinjiang [M129]	M	2515-1829 BC			C4	16223, 16298, 16327	Li 2015
	China	Gavaerk, near Qiemo, Xinjiang [2C]	F	800 BC–100 AD			C	16223, 16298, 16327	Zhang 2010
	China	Gavaerk, Xinjiang [4B]	M	800 BC–100 AD			C	16223, 16298, 16309, 16327	Zhang 2010
	China	Gavaerk, Xinjiang [1E]	M	800 BC–100 AD			D	5178A, 10400T, 16223, 16362	Zhang 2010
	China	Gavaerk, Xinjiang [2A]	M	800 BC–100 AD			D	5178A, 7028T, 10400T, 16362	Zhang 2010
	China	Gavaerk, Xinjiang [14A]	M	800 BC–100 AD			D	5178A, 7028T, 12705T, rCRS in HVI	Zhang 2010
	China	Gavaerk, Xinjiang [16A]	M + F	800 BC–100 AD			D	5178A, 10400T, 16173, 16223. In same grave as 16B	Zhang 2010
	China	Gavaerk, Xinjiang [16B]	M + F	800 BC–100 AD			D	5178A, 7028T, 16173, 12705T, 16223. In same grave as 16A	Zhang 2010
	China	Gavaerk, Xinjiang [17A]	M	800 BC–100 AD			D	5178A, 7028T, 12705T, 16114A, 16223, 16362	Zhang 2010
	China	Gavaerk, Xinjiang [17B]	F	800 BC–100 AD			D	5178A, 7028T, 12705T, 16223	Zhang 2010
	China	Gavaerk, Xinjiang [25C, 25G]	M	800 BC–100 AD			D	2 samples in same grave: 5178A, 7028T, 12705T, 16189, 16223, 16362	Zhang 2010
	China	Gavaerk, Xinjiang [4A]	F	800 BC–100 AD			D4	3010A, 5178A, 7028T, 12705T, 16223, 16274, 16362	Zhang 2010
	China	Gavaerk, Xinjiang [2G, 11A, 22A]	F + 2 M	800 BC–100 AD			F1	3 samples 7028T, 12406A; rCRS in HVI	Zhang 2010
	China	Gavaerk, Xinjiang [23F]	F	800 BC–100 AD			F1	7028T, 12406A, 16114A, 16187, 16192, 16256, 16266, 16304, 16357	Zhang 2010
	China	Gavaerk, Xinjiang [5D]	M	800 BC–100 AD			F1a	7028T, 10400T, 12705T, 16129, 16172, 16293, 16304	Zhang 2010
	China	Gavaerk, Xinjiang [3G, 27]	2 M	800 BC–100 AD			H	16311	Zhang 2010
	China	Gavaerk, Xinjiang [13]	M	800 BC–100 AD			H	16305T, 16311	Zhang 2010
	China	Gavaerk, Xinjiang [7D]	?	800 BC–100 AD			K	7028T, 9055A, 16224, 16311	Zhang 2010
	China	Gavaerk, Xinjiang [2E]	F	800 BC–100 AD			M*	7028T, 10400T, 12705T, 13263G, 16209, 16223, 16362	Zhang 2010
	China	Gavaerk, Xinjiang [8D, 8F]	2 M	800 BC–100 AD			M*	2 samples in same grave: 7028T, 10400T, 12705T, 16093	Zhang 2010
	China	Gavaerk, Xinjiang [3C]	M	800 BC–100 AD			M10	10400T, 16092, 16193, 16223, 16311, 16357	Zhang 2010
	China	Gavaerk, Xinjiang [4E, 4G]	2 M	800 BC–100 AD			M13a	2 samples in same grave: 7028T, 10400T, 12705T, 16145, 16148, 16188, 16189, 16223	Zhang 2010
	China	Gavaerk, Xinjiang [3F]	M	800 BC–100 AD			N	7028T, 12406G, 12705T; rCRS in HVI	Zhang 2010
	China	Gavaerk, Xinjiang [25G]	F	800 BC–100 AD			T	5178A, 7028T, 12705T, 16126, 16294	Zhang 2010
	China	Gavaerk, Xinjiang [3M]	M	800 BC–100 AD			R*	7028T, 16071, 16357	Zhang 2010
	China	Gavaerk, Xinjiang [3P]	F	800 BC–100 AD			R*	7028T, 16223, 16356	Zhang 2010
	China	Gavaerk, Xinjiang [9D]	M	800 BC–100 AD			U	7028T, 12308G, 12705T; rCRS in HVI	Zhang 2010
	China	Gavaerk, Xinjiang [25F]	F	800 BC–100 AD			U2e	7028T, 12308G, 16129C, 16183C, 16362	Zhang 2010
	China	Gavaerk, Xinjiang [1A, 1B]	M + F	800 BC–100 AD			U4	2 samples in same grave: 7028T, 16134, 16183C, 16189, 16356	Zhang 2010
Quin to Western Jin	China	Sampula, Luo County, Xinjiang Khotan [Y1]		217 BC-283 AD			B	16223, 16256, 16327	Xie 2007b
Quin - W. Jin	China	Sampula [Y8 and Y10]		217 BC-283 AD			C	16223, 16229, 16327	Xie 2007b
Quin - W. Jin	China	Sampula [Y7]		217 BC-283 AD			F1a	16126, 16162, 16172, 16304	Xie 2007b
Quin - W. Jin	China	Sampula [Y5]		217 BC-283 AD			G	16111, 16223, 16234, 16362	Xie 2007b
Quin - W. Jin	China	Sampula [L1]		217 BC-283 AD			M	16223, 16256, 16327	Xie 2007b
Quin - W. Jin	China	Sampula [Y3]		217 BC-283 AD			M	16113, 16223	Xie 2007b
Quin - W. Jin	China	Sampula [Y6]		217 BC-283 AD			N	16126, 16183C, 16189, 16311, 16365	Xie 2007b
Quin - W. Jin	China	Sampula [Y13]		217 BC-283 AD			N	16126, 16163, 16186, 16189, 16247C	Xie 2007b
Quin - W. Jin	China	Sampula [Y2]		217 BC-283 AD			T2	16126, 16129, 16260, 16294, 16296, 16304	Xie 2007b
Quin - W. Jin	China	Sampula [L3]		217 BC-283 AD			U3	16343	Xie 2007b
Quin - W. Jin	China	Sampula [L4]		217 BC-283 AD			U3	16189, 16343	Xie 2007b
Quin - W. Jin	China	Sampula [Y11 and Y12]		217 BC-283 AD			U3	Two samples 16129, 16223, 16343	Xie 2007b
Western Han	China	Yuansha, Xinjiang		135 BC			A		Gao 2008
Western Han	China	Yuansha, Xinjiang		135 BC			D	2 samples	Gao 2008
Western Han	China	Yuansha, Xinjiang		135 BC			G2a		Gao 2008
Western Han	China	Yuansha, Xinjiang		135 BC			H	3 samples	Gao 2008
Western Han	China	Yuansha, Xinjiang		135 BC			I		Gao 2008
Western Han	China	Yuansha, Xinjiang		135 BC			M	3 samples	Gao 2008
Western Han	China	Yuansha, Xinjiang		135 BC			N	3 samples	Gao 2008
Western Han	China	Yuansha, Xinjiang		135 BC			T	2 samples	Gao 2008
Sui Dynasty Sogdian person	China	Tomb of Yu Hong, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province [Yu Hong]	M	d. 593 AD			U5		Xie 2007a
Sui Dynasty	China	Tomb of Yu Hong [Wife of Yu Hong]	F	c. 600 AD			G		Xie 2007a