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• Cultures
• Migrations
• Ancient DNA
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Y-DNA Haplogroups

• A
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• C
• D
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Ancient DNA

• DNA from the European Neolithic
   
• DNA from the Near Eastern Neolithic
  
• Mesolithic Western Eurasian DNA


• Palaeolithic DNA from Eurasia
  
• Paleolithic mtDNA samples
  
• Mesolithic mtDNA samples


• Neolithic and сhalcolithic Y-DNA and mtDNA samples
  
• Bronze age Y-DNA and mtDNA samples


• Iron age mtDNA samples
  
• Ancient Western Eurasian DNA of the Copper and Bronze Ages


• Iron Age DNA from Europe and West Asia
  
• Ancient DNA from North Africa and the Canary Islands


• Ancient DNA from the Silk Road
  
• Ancient DNA of the Xiongnu, Hsiung-nu or Huns
  
• Ancient Jewish DNA


• Ancient Roman DNA
  
• Medieval and Modern European and West Asian DNA
  
• Royal DNA of Europe


• Ancient DNA related to traits and diseases (Lactase persistence; HIV resistence; Pigmentation)
  
• Famous DNA

Iron Age DNA from Europe and West Asia Mitochondrial and Y-chromosome haplogroups extracted from historic and prehistoric human remains in Europe and related remains in Asia, arranged chronologically.
Culture	Country	Site and/or Individual	Sex	Date	Y-DNA		mtDNA		Source
		pigmentation from genes pigmentation surviving		usually approx.	Haplogroup	Additional information	Haplogroup	Additional information
Babadag	Romania	SE near the Black Sea coast [1IA, 2IA]		1000-600 BC				2 samples 16262C incomplete sequences	Cardos 2004
Babadag	Romania	SE near the Black Sea coast [5IA]		1000-600 BC				CRS incomplete	Cardos 2004
Babadag	Romania	SE near the Black Sea coast [10IA]		1000-600 BC				16192T, 16284C	Cardos 2004
Mezocsat	Hungary	Ludas-Varju-dulo [IR1] Light brown/ dark blond hair, brown eyes	M	980-930 BC	N	22665262G, 15469724A	G2a1	73G, 152C, 263G, 489C, 709A, 750G, 1438G, 2706G, 4769G, 4833G, 5108C, 5601T, 7028T, 7600A, 8547C, 8701G, 8860G, 9377G, 9540C, 9575A, 10398G, 10400T, 10873C, 11719A, 12705T, 13563G, 14200C, 14569A, 14587G, 14766T, 14783C, 15043A, 15301A, 15326G, 16223T, 16278T, 16362C, 16519C	Gamba 2014
Thracian	Bulgaria	Stambolovo [T2G2]		850–700 BC			HV	263G, 750G 1438G 2706G 4769G 7028T 8860G 15326G, 16311C	Carpenter 2013
	Kazakhstan	Zevakinskiy		800-600 BC			H	3 samples CRS	Lalueza-Fox 2004
	Kazakhstan	Zevakinskiy		800-600 BC			U1	16189, 16249	Lalueza-Fox 2004
	Kazakhstan	Zevakinskiy		800-600 BC			W	16223, 16292	Lalueza-Fox 2004
Thracian	Bulgaria	Svilengrad [P192-1]		800–500 BC			U3b	750G 1811G 2706G 4640A 4769G 7028T 8860G 9656C 11719A 12308G 12372A 13743C 14139G 15326G 15454C	Carpenter 2013
	Russia	Anashkino hillfort, near Lake Zhizhitsa / Sennitsa, Pskov oblast [A4]	M	800-400 BC	R1a1		?	16119T, 16137G, 16256T, 16257A 16376C. Reported as H	Chekunova 2014
Tagar	Russia	Novosselovsky region, Anach village, kurgan I, burial 3 [S21] Blue or green eyes, brown hair, fair or medium skin	?	800 BC–100 AD			T3	16126C, 16189C, 16292T, 16294T	Keyser 2009
Tagar	Russia	Novosselovsky region, Anach village, kurgan I, burial 4 [S22] Brown eyes	F	800 BC–100 AD			T3	16126C, 16189C, 16292T, 16294T	Keyser 2009
Tagar	Russia	Tchernogorsk, burial 1 Khakassia Republic [S23] Blue or green eyes	?	800 BC–100 AD			T3	16126C, 16189C, 16292T, 16294T, 16296T	Keyser 2009
Tagar	Russia	Tchernogorsk, burial 6 [S24] Blue or green eyes	M	800 BC–100 AD	R1a1a	M17; Riii in table 2	I4	16129A, 16223T, 16304C, 16391A	Keyser 2009
Tagar	Russia	Oust-Abakansty, Khakassia Republic [S25] Blue or green eyes	M	800 BC–100 AD	R1a1a	M17; Riv in table 2	G2a	16093C, 16223T, 16234T, 16288C, 16298C, 16327T	Keyser 2009
Tagar	Russia	Beysky region, burial 3 Khakassia Republic [S26] Brown eyes, blond or light brown hair, fair or medium skin	M	800 BC–100 AD	R1a1a	M17; Rv in table 2	C	16148T, 16223T, 16234T, 16288C, 16298C, 16327T	Keyser 2009
Tagar	Russia	Bogratsky region, kurgan 133, burial 3, Khakassia Republic [S27]	F	800 BC–100 AD			H or U	CRS	Keyser 2009
Tagar	Russia	Bogratsky region, kurgan 133, burial 3 [S28] Watson in Table 3	M	800 BC–100 AD	R1a1a	M17; Rvi in table 2	F1b	16172C,  16179T, 16183C, 16189C,  16232A,  1649C, 604C,  16311C	Keyser 2009
Tagar	Russia	Bogratsky region, kurgan 133, burial 3 [S29] Blue or green eyes	M	800 BC–100 AD	R1a1a	M17; Rvii in table 2	H  or U	CRS	Keyser 2009
Tagar	Russia	Bogratsky region, Abakano-Pérévoz II, burial 1 [S32] Brown eyes	M	800 BC–100 AD	R1a1a	M17; Rviii in table 2	H5	16304, 16319	Keyser 2009
Hallstatt	Austria	Mitterkirchen [HÜ-I/8]	M	700 BC	G2a? (Using Whit Athey's haplogroup predictor)	STRs only reported			Kiesslich 2005
Nuragic	Italy	Alghero, Sardinia [AL07]		700 BC			H1?	16189C	Caramelli 2007; Ghirotto 2010
	Kazakhstan	Molaly (Kourgan 14,18,20,25)		700-400 BC			M4	16129, 16174, 16223	Lalueza-Fox 2004
	Kazakhstan	Molaly (Kourgan 14,18,20,25)		700-400 BC			T*	16126, 16294, 16296	Lalueza-Fox 2004
Xiongnu a.k.a. Hsiung-nu?	Kazakhstan	Birlik (Kourgan 15)		700-200 BC			A*	2 samples 16223, 16319, 16362	Lalueza-Fox 2004
Xiongnu a.k.a. Hsiung-nu?	Kazakhstan	Birlik (Kourgan 15)		700-200 BC			A*	16223, 16290, 16319, 16362	Lalueza-Fox 2004
	Kazakhstan	Birlik (Kourgan 15)		700-200 BC			M*	16223, 16286	Lalueza-Fox 2004
	Kazakhstan	Birlik (Kourgan 15)		700-200 BC			H	16266, 16287	Lalueza-Fox 2004
	Kazakhstan	Birlik (Kourgan 15)		700-200 BC			U*	16189	Lalueza-Fox 2004
Iberian	Spain	Puig de la Nau, Benicarlo (Castellon) [PB14, PB20]		700-500 BC			V	2 samples 16293T, 16298C	Fernández 2006; Arroyo 2006; Gamba 2008
Iberian	Spain	Puig de la Nau, Benicarlo (Castellon) [PB18, PB19]		700-500 BC			H	2 samples CRS	Gamba 2008
Iberian	Spain	Castellet de Bernabe, Lıria (Valencia) [CB2]					T1	16163G, 16186T, 16189C, 16250Y, 16294T, 16301Y	Gamba 2008
Iberian	Spain	Los Villares, Caudete de las Fuentes (Castellon) [LV1]					V	16298C	Gamba 2008
Iberian	Spain	Torrelo Bonerot, Castellon [TORR1]					W	16223T, 16292Y, 16295Y, 16304Y, 16311Y	Gamba 2008
Iberian	Spain	Torrelo Bonerot,Castellon [TORR2]					W	16223T, 16292Y, 16295Y, 16304Y	Gamba 2008
Iberian	Spain	Tossal de Sant Miquel, Lıria (Valencia) [TSM1]					H?	CRS	Gamba 2008
Iberian	Spain	Tossal de Sant Miquel, Lıria (Valencia) [TSM1]					?	16224Y, 16234Y, 16311Y, reported as K	Gamba 2008
Iberian	Spain	Mas Castellar (Pontos), Girona, Catalonia [1000012-2]	?	700-100 BC			J*	−13704 BstNI, 3010G, 16126, 16189	Sampietro 2005
	England	Heslington, Yorkshire		673-482 BC			J1d		O'Connor 2011
Iberian	Spain	Illa d’en Reixac (Ullastret), Girona, Catalonia [UE 15112]	M	600 BC			U5a	16256, 16270	Sampietro 2005
Iberian	Spain	Illa d’en Reixac (Ullastret), Girona, Catalonia [UE 1070]	M	600 BC			H	−7025 AluI, 7028C, 16126, 16311,	Sampietro 2005
Iberian	Spain	Illa d’en Reixac (Ullastret), Girona, Catalonia [15091]	?	600 BC			H1	−7025 AluI, 3010A; CRS in HVI	Sampietro 2005
Iberian	Spain	Illa d’en Reixac (Ullastret), Girona, Catalonia [UE 15224]	M	600 BC			H	7028C, 3010G, 13708G, 16126	Sampietro 2005
Iberian	Spain	Illa d’en Reixac (Ullastret), Girona, Catalonia [UE 15078-1] Possible decapitation.	M	600 BC			K*	16224, 16311	Sampietro 2005
Iberian	Spain	Puig de Sant Andreu (Ullastret), Girona, Catalonia [UE 14015]	?	535-200 BC			H	16287	Sampietro 2005
Iberian	Spain	Puig de Sant Andreu (Ullastret), Girona, Catalonia [UE 14045]	?	535-200 BC			U4	7028T, 12308G, 3010G, 16356	Sampietro 2005
Iberian	Spain	Puig de Sant Andreu (Ullastret), Girona, Catalonia [N.I. 3967 + 1401]	? +M	535-200 BC			H	2 samples 7028C, 3010G, 13708G, 16126	Sampietro 2005
Iberian	Spain	Puig de Sant Andreu (Ullastret), Girona, Catalonia [UE 14020]	?	535-200 BC			T	16126, 16294	Sampietro 2005
Iberian	Spain	Puig de Sant Andreu (Ullastret), Girona, Catalonia [T.C. 4 E I-II]	?	535-200 BC			H1	−7025 AluI, 3010A, 16126	Sampietro 2005
Iberian	Spain	Puig de Sant Andreu (Ullastret), Girona, Catalonia [UE 14015-1]	M	535-200 BC			R0	16362 7028T, 14766C. Recorded as Pre-HV	Sampietro 2005
Iberian	Spain	Puig de Sant Andreu (Ullastret), Girona, Catalonia [UE 14119]	?	535-200 BC			H	16273 −7025 AluI	Sampietro 2005
Iberian	Spain	Puig de Sant Andreu (Ullastret), Girona, Catalonia [2002 Z13]	?	535-200 BC			U5*	16270 16281	Sampietro 2005
Iberian	Spain	Puig de Sant Andreu (Ullastret), Girona, Catalonia [3613]	M	535-200 BC			H	16126, 16311, −7025 AluI, 7028C, 3010G, 13708G	Sampietro 2005
Iberian	Spain	Puig de Sant Andreu (Ullastret), Girona, Catalonia [3615]	M	535-200 BC			J*	16126, 13708A, 7028T	Sampietro 2005
	Italy	Latsch, South Tyrol		500 BC			H90		Brotherton 2013
Scythian	Russia	Rostov-on-Don [RD1]		400-300 BC			F1b	16189C, 16232A, 16249, 16304C, 16311C	Der Sarkissian 2011
Scythian	Russia	Rostov-on-Don [RD2]		400-300 BC			C	16223T, 16258G, 16298c, 16327T	Der Sarkissian 2011
Sarmatian	Russia	Rostov-on-Don [RD3]					U7	16256T, 16318T	Der Sarkissian 2011
Scythian	Russia	Rostov-on-Don [RD5]		600-400 BC			U5a	16192T, 16256T, 16263C, 16270T, 16399G	Der Sarkissian 2011
Scythian	Russia	Rostov-on-Don [RD6, RD11]					T1a	2 samples 16126C, 16163G, 16186T, 16189C, 16294T	Der Sarkissian 2011
Scythian	Russia	Rostov-on-Don [RD7]		600-500 BC			T2	16078G, 16126C, 16294T, 16296T	Der Sarkissian 2011
Scythian	Russia	Rostov-on-Don [RD8]		500-300 BC			A4	16223T, 16290T, 16319A, 16362C	Der Sarkissian 2011
Scythian	Russia	Rostov-on-Don [RD9]					H	rCRS	Der Sarkissian 2011
Scythian	Russia	Rostov-on-Don [RD10]					H2a1	16354T	Der Sarkissian 2011
Scythian	Russia	Rostov-on-Don [RD12]					U2e	16051G, 16129C, 16189C, 16362C	Der Sarkissian 2011
Scythian	Russia	Rostov-on-Don [RD13]		400-300 BC			D	16223T, 16362C	Der Sarkissian 2011
Scythian	Russia	Rostov-on-Don [RD14, RD15]		500-200 BC			I3	2 samples 16086C, 16129A, 16223T, 16391A	Der Sarkissian 2011
Scythian	Russia	Rostov-on-Don [RD16]		400-200 BC			U5a	16192T, 16256T, 16270T, 16311C	Der Sarkissian 2011
Scythian	Russia	Rostov-on-Don [RD17]		400-300 BC			D4b1	16223T, 16239T, 16243C, 16319A, 16362C	Der Sarkissian 2011
Donghu	China	Jinggouzi, Inner Mongolia		500 BC	C*	12 males M216	D, D4, D5, G2, C and M10	26 samples in all of which 13 were D4, 5 were G2, 5 were C and the rest were single examples.	Wang 2012
	Kazakhstan	Solyanka II (Kourgan 2,3)		500-0 BC			H	16150,  16189	Lalueza-Fox 2004
	Kazakhstan	Solyanka II (Kourgan 2,3)		500-0 BC			HV	16129	Lalueza-Fox 2004
	Kazakhstan	Solyanka II (Kourgan 2,3)		500-0 BC			U*	16311	Lalueza-Fox 2004
Sargat	Russia	Sopinsky, kurgan burial		500 BC-500 AD			T1	16126C, 16163G, 16186T, 16189C, 16243C, 16249T	Bennett and Kaestle 2010
Sargat	Russia	Sopinsky, flat grave burial		500 BC-500 AD			Z	16129A, 16185T, 16215G, 16223T, 16224Y, 16260T, 16298C	Bennett and Kaestle 2010
Sargat	Russia	Kurtuguz I [K2]		500 BC-500 AD			A	16223T, 16290T, 16319A, 16335G	Bennett and Kaestle 2010
Sargat	Russia	Kurtuguz I [K3T]		500 BC-500 AD			C	16223T,16298C, 16327T	Bennett and Kaestle 2010
Sargat	Russia	Kurtuguz I [K3R]		500 BC-500 AD			Z	16093C, 16185T,16223T, 16260T, 16298C	Bennett and Kaestle 2010
Scytho-Siberian	Altaï Republic	Kizil	M	500 BC			N1a	16147A, 16172C, 16223T, 16248T,  16355T	Ricaut 2004a
Scytho-Siberian Pazyryk culture	Altaï Republic	Sebÿstei Valley [SEB 96 K1]	M	450 BC			F2a	16093C 16203G 16231C 16291T 16304C	Ricaut 2004c
Scytho-Siberian Pazyryk culture	Altaï Republic	Sebÿstei Valley [SEB 96K2]	M	450 BC	R1a1a	M17	D?	16093C 16129A 16173T 16223T 16319A 16362C	Ricaut 2004c; Keyser 2009
Scytho-Siberian Pazyryk culture	Altaï Republic	Ak-Alakha-5, mound 5, Ukok Plateau	M	400-200 BC			A	16223, 16242, 16290, 16319	Chikisheva 2007
Scytho-Siberian Pazyryk culture	Mongolia	Tsengel Khairkhan [TSK07.T1]	M				A	16093, 16223, 16242, 16278, 16290, 16311, 16319	Gonzalez-Ruiz 2012
Scytho-Siberian Pazyryk culture	Altaï Republic	Ak-Alakha-1, mound 1, burial 2, Ukok Plateau	F	400-200 BC			C	16093, 16129, 16223, 16298, 16327	Chikisheva 2007
Scytho-Siberian Pazyryk culture	Mongolia	Baga Turgen Gol [BTG06.T13]	M				C	16093, 16129, 16223, 16298, 16327, 16362	Gonzalez-Ruiz 2012
Scytho-Siberian Pazyryk culture	Altaï Republic	Ak-Alakha-5, mound 3, burial 1, Ukok Plateau	M	400-200 BC			D	16223, 16239, 16319, 16362	Chikisheva 2007
Scytho-Siberian Pazyryk culture	Altaï Republic	Moinak-2, mound 2, burial 1, Ukok Plateau	M	400-200 BC			D	16223, 16311, 16316, 16362	Chikisheva 2007
Scytho-Siberian Pazyryk culture	Mongolia	Baga Turgen Gol [BTG05.T1]					D	16223, 16319, 16362	Gonzalez-Ruiz 2012
Scytho-Siberian Pazyryk culture	Mongolia	Baga Turgen Gol [BTG05.T8.3, BTG06.T8]					D	2 samples 16223, 16239, 16243, 16319, 16362	Gonzalez-Ruiz 2012
Scytho-Siberian Pazyryk culture	Mongolia	Tsengel Khairkhan [TSK07.T2A]					G2	16223, 16227, 16278, 16362	Gonzalez-Ruiz 2012
Scytho-Siberian Pazyryk culture	Altaï Republic	Kuturguntas-1, mound 1, Ukok Plateau	M	400-200 BC			H?	CRS	Chikisheva 2007
Scytho-Siberian Pazyryk culture	Altaï Republic	Ulandryk-1, mound 14, burial 2, Ulandryk valley	M	400-200 BC			H?	CRS	Chikisheva 2007
Scytho-Siberian Pazyryk culture	Mongolia	Olon-Kurin-Gol Valley cemetery 6 [OKG-6-2, 3]	F + inf	400-200 BC			HV2	2 samples in same grave of 16217C, 00072C, 00073G, 00152C, +7025 HinfI, -14766 MseI	Pilipenko 2010
Scytho-Siberian Pazyryk culture	Mongolia	Baga Turgen Gol [BTG06.T10A]	M				HV6	16172, 16311	Gonzalez-Ruiz 2012
Scytho-Siberian Pazyryk culture	Mongolia	Baga Turgen Gol [BTG06.T3]					J	16069, 16126	Gonzalez-Ruiz 2012
Scytho-Siberian Pazyryk culture	Mongolia	Baga Turgen Gol [BTG05.T2, BTG06.T11A, BTG06.T11B]					K	3 samples 16093, 16224, 16311, 16319	Gonzalez-Ruiz 2012
Scytho-Siberian Pazyryk culture	Mongolia	Tsengel Khairkhan [TSK07.T2B]	M				T1	16126, 16163, 16186, 16189, 16294	Gonzalez-Ruiz 2012
Scytho-Siberian Pazyryk culture	Altaï Republic	Ak-Alakha-5, mound 4, burial 1, Ukok Plateau	M	400-200 BC			U5 or J	16129, 16182C, 16183C, 16189, 16362	Chikisheva 2007
Scytho-Siberian Pazyryk culture	Mongolia	Olon-Kurin-Gol Valley cemetery 10 [OKG-10-1]	M	400-200 BC			U5a1	16086C, 16189C, 16192T, 16256T, 16270T, 16304C, 16399G, 00073G, +12308 HinfI.	Pilipenko 2010
Scytho-Siberian Pazyryk culture	Altai Republic	Verkh-Kaldzhin II	M				U5a1	16192T, 16256T, 16270T, 16304C	Pilipenko 2010 from Molodin 2003
Scytho-Siberian Pazyryk culture	Mongolia	Baga Turgen Gol [BTG05.T8.1, BTG06.T12]					U5a1	2 samples 16192, 16256, 16270, 16304, 16399	Gonzalez-Ruiz 2012
La Tène	Germany	Glauberg [T1/4 and KL 116-1]		400 BC			K	2 samples 73G 146C 152C 263G 315.1C 16224C 16311C	Knipper 2014
La Tène	Germany	Glauberg [KL 112-1]	M	400 BC			I1a	16129A 16172C 16223T 16311C 16391A	Knipper 2014
La Tène	Germany	Glauberg [KL 113-1]	F	400 BC			H	263G 315.1C rCRS in HVRI	Knipper 2014
La Tène	Germany	Glauberg [KL 113-2]		400 BC			V	16218T 16298C	Knipper 2014
La Tène	Germany	Glauberg [KL 113-3]	F	400 BC			K1a	73G 195C 263G 315.1C 16224C 16311C	Knipper 2014
La Tène	Germany	Glauberg [KL 113-5]		400 BC			H14a	16256T 16352C	Knipper 2014
La Tène	Germany	Glauberg [KL 113-6]		400 BC			H11a2+	16092C 16293G 16311C	Knipper 2014
La Tène	Germany	Glauberg [KL 116-4]		400 BC			HV +	16311C	Knipper 2014
La Tène	Germany	Glauberg [KL 116-5]		400 BC			U5a1	16192T 16256T 16270T 16399G	Knipper 2014
	Turkey	Ballicaoluk [BOM2]		400-300 BC			H3c	C27G, C122G, A123G, C166A, G171A, A175C, T177d, A181T, T195C, C198T, T223C, A227C, G229d, G247C, C253T, A259C, G260C, A263C, A263G, A270C, A272C, A274C, A286C, A297C, A300C, C309CCCT, T310C, T455TT, A472C, A479d, G513C, A515T, A517T, A519C, G564T, A581T, G611T, A16206G, A16210AG, C16222CG, C16248CG, T16372TA	Altınışık 2015
	Russia	Sabinka 2 [RISE492]	M	396-209 BC	R1a		D4b1a2a2	73G, 207A, 263G, 1438G, 3010A, 3107C, 4883T, 8020A, 8414T, 8701G, 9540C, 10181T, 10398G, 10400T, 10873C, 11719A, 12705T, 13720T, 14668T, 14766T, 14783C, 14815T, 14927G, 15043A, 15244G, 15301A. 15326G, 15440C, 15951G, 16223T, 16319A, 16362C	Allentoft 2015; Y-DNA personal communication from author
	England	Linton [L]	F	360-50 BC			H1e		Schiffels 2015; additional info on Y-DNA SNPs Felix Emmanuel
Saka	Kazakhstan	Berel	M	350-300 BC				CRS	Clisson 2002
Saka	Kazakhstan	Berel	F	350-300 BC			X or D?	16223T, 16362C	Clisson 2002
	Turkey	Karamttepe [KM17]		325-300 BC			H7	C27G, T60TT, C64T, C110G, T115A, C122G, A123G, T125A, C132G, T134G, T142G, T157G, T159G, T161G, C162G, T168G, G171A, T172G, C174G, T177G, G228A, A259G, A263G, T265G, A281G, T282G, A284G, C285G, A291T, A291d, A297C, C299A, A301C, A302C, C315CC, A326T, A328T, C332T, A335G, A336G, A337G, C345T, G347T, A359C, A360C, A385G, A388T, A390G, A396T, G409T, G410T, G412T, G413T, T416d, A446G, T449C, T450C, A451d, A470G, T471G, T474C, C483T, A484T, C527T, A565T, A599G, C628G, A648G, T655A, T656G, G709A, A750G, G16129A, T16231G, C16292T, C16294T, C16296T, T16362C, C16408G, C16549G	Altınışık 2015
Przeworsk	Poland	Gąski [23234]		200 BC-100AD			H5	7028C 16129A, 16304C, reported as H	Juras 2012
Przeworsk	Poland	Gąski [58]		200 BC-100AD			U5a	16256T, 16263C, 16270T	Juras 2012
	England	Hinxton [HI 2]	M	170 BC- 80 AD	R1b1a2a1a2c1	P312+, L21+, Z246/S280+, DF25/S253+, L658-, L1402-, CTS3655/S3787-,	H1ag1		Schiffels 2015; additional info on Y-DNA SNPs Felix Emmanuel
	England	Hinxton [HI 1]	M	160 BC-26 AD	R1b1a2a1a2c (L21/M529/S145)	Z245+ (equiv L21)	K1a1b1b		Schiffels 2015
	Denmark	Bøgebjerggård [B4 and B6]	M	0 BC/AD			H	2 samples 7028C CRS	Melchior 2008a
	Denmark	Bøgebjerggård [B1]	F	0 BC/AD			I	7028T, 10034C, 16129A, 16223T, 16391A	Melchior 2008a
	Denmark	Bøgebjerggård [B5]	F	0 BC/AD			I	7028T, 10034C, 16129A, 16223T, 16304C, 16391A	Melchior 2008a
	Denmark	Bøgebjerggård [B2]	M	0 BC/AD			R0a	7028T, 16126C, 16355T, 16362C	Melchior 2008a
	Denmark	Bøgebjerggård [B3]	M	0 BC/AD			U2e	7028T, 12308G, 16129C, 16183C, 16189C, 16362C	Melchior 2008a
	Denmark	Bøgebjerggård [B7]	M	0 BC/AD			U5b1	7028T, 12308G, 16074G, 16189C, 16192T, 16249C, 16270T	Melchior 2008a
Wielbark	Poland	Kowalewko [267]		0-300 AD			H5	7028C, 16304C, reported as H	Juras 2012
Wielbark	Poland	Kowalewko [site 12, no. 1]		0-300 AD			H	7028C, CRS	Juras 2012
Wielbark	Poland	Kowalewko [466, 188]		0-300 AD			W	2 samples 8251A, 16223T, 16292T	Juras 2012
Wielbark	Poland	Kowalewko [189]		0-300 AD			W	8251A, 16192T, 16223T, 16292T	Juras 2012
Wielbark	Poland	Kowalewko [314]		0-300 AD			U5b	7768G 16192T, 16270T	Juras 2012
Wielbark	Poland	Kowalewko [502]		0-300 AD			U3	12308G, 14139G, 16343G	Juras 2012
Wielbark	Poland	Rogowo [29 28/99, 680 no. 52/00, 96 13/99, 11/99 object 24, 665 no. 43/00]		100-200 AD			H	5 samples 7028C, CRS	Juras 2012
Wielbark	Poland	Rogowo [718 no. 77/00]		100-200 AD			H	7028C, 16093C, 16129A, 16316G	Juras 2012
Wielbark	Poland	Rogowo [724 no. 80/00]		100-200 AD			H5	7028C, 16153A, 16304C, reported as H	Juras 2012
Wielbark	Poland	Rogowo [438 (grave 68) no. 78/K/99; 45 16/99]		100-200 AD			H	2 samples of 7028C, 16183C, 16189C	Juras 2012
Wielbark	Poland	Rogowo [421 no. 68/K/99]		100-200 AD			H	7028C, 16129A	Juras 2012
Wielbark	Poland	Rogowo [37 no. 32/99]		100-200 AD			J2a	10398G 16069T, 16126C, 16145A, 16231C, 16261T, 16299G	Juras 2012
Wielbark	Poland	Rogowo [705 no. 74/00]		100-200 AD			T2b	16126C, 16294T, 16296T, 16304C	Juras 2012
Sarmatian	Hungary	Csongrád Bokrospuszta 20		1st–4th C AD			N9a	16223T, 16257A, 16261T	Guba 2011; Banffy 2012
Sarmatian	Hungary	Szakmár 8					N9a	16223T, 16257A, 16261T	Guba 2011; Banffy 2012
Sarmatian	Hungary	Szarvas 23/22					Novel	16235G, 16261T, 16291T, 16293G, 16304C	Guba 2011; Banffy 2012
	Denmark	Simonsborg [Si2]		100-200 AD			H	7028C, 16189C	Melchior 2010
	Denmark	Simonsborg [Si4]		100-200 AD			H	7028C, 16172C, 16311C	Melchior 2010
	Denmark	Simonsborg [Si6]		100-200 AD			H	7028C, 16093C, 16221T	Melchior 2010
	Denmark	Simonsborg [Si5]		100-200 AD			I	7028T, 10034C, 16129A, 16223T, 16391A	Melchior 2010
	Denmark	Simonsborg [Si8]		100-200 AD			U5b	7028T, 12308G, 16192T, 16270T, 16304C	Melchior 2010
	Denmark	Simonsborg [Si9]		100-200 AD			T2b	7028T, 15607G, 16126C, 16294T, 16296T, 16304C, 16362C	Melchior 2010
	Montenegro	Velika Gruda [RISE596]	F				X1'2'3	153G, 195C, 263G, 338T, 750G, 1438G, 2706G, 3107C, 3531A, 6221C, 6371T, 9250T, 10920T, 11380G, 11719A, 12705T, 13950T, 13966G, 14470C, 14766T, 15326G, 15903G, 15927A, 16223T, 16278T, 16519C	Allentoft 2015
	Russia	Verh-Uimon [RISE600]	M		Q1a	Q1a1b (M25)	K2a5	73G, 146C, 152C, 263G, 280T, 324T, 709A, 750G, 1438G, 1811G, 2706G, 2831A, 3107T, 3480G, 9055A, 9698C, 9716C, 10550G, 11151T, 11299C, 11467G, 11719A, 12308G, 12372A, 14167T, 14766T, 14798C, 15326G, 16224C, 16311C, 16519C	Allentoft 2015; Y-DNA personal communication from author, additional info from Felix Emmanuel
	Russia	Verh-Uimon [RISE601]	M		Q1a		M8a1	73G, 263G, 489C, 750G, 1438G, 2706G, 3107T, 4715G, 6179A, 6248C, 7196A, 8453G, 8684T, 9540C, 10398G, 10400T, 10873C, 11719A, 12705T, 14470C, 14766T, 14783C, 15043A, 15047A, 15148A, 15301A, 15326G, 15355A, 15487T, 15697C, 16223T, 16298C, 16319A	Allentoft 2015; Y-DNA personal communication from author,
	Russia	Sary-Bel [RISE602]	M		J2a	J2a2-PH3085,SK1403 on J2 Research tree:	C4+152	73G, 152C, 263G, 489C, 750G, 1438G, 2706G, 3107T, 3552A, 4065G, 4742C, 7196A, 8701G, 9540C, 9545G, 10398G, 10400T, 10873C, 11719A, 11914A, 11969A, 12705T, 13263G, 13641C, 14318C, 14766T, 14783C, 15043A, 15204C, 15301A, 15326G, 15487T, 16223T, 16297C, 16298C, 16327T, 16519C	Allentoft 2015; Y-DNA pers. comm. from author + additional info from Chris Rоttensteiner
Tachtyk	Russia	Bogratsky region, Abakano-Pérévoz I, burial 5, Khakassia Republic [S33] Blue or green eyes, blond or light brown hair, fair or medium skin	F	100–400 AD			C	16093C, 16129A, 16223T, 16298C, 16327T	Keyser 2009
Tachtyk	Russia	Bogratsky region, Abakano-Pérévoz I, burial 4 [S34] Blue or green eyes	M	100–400 AD	R1a1a	M17; Riii in table 2	HV	16172C, 16311C	Keyser 2009
Tachtyk	Russia	Bogratsky region, Abakano-Pérévoz I, burial 2 [S35] Brown eyes	F	100–400 AD			H or U	16093C, 16209C	Keyser 2009
Tachtyk	Russia	Bogratsky region, Abakano-Pérévoz I, burial [S36] Blue or green eyes, blond or light brown hair, fair or medium skin	F	100–400 AD			N9a	16223T, 16257A, 16261T	Keyser 2009
Tachtyk	Russia	Bogratsky region, Abakano-Pérévoz I, burial 4 [S37] Blue or green eyes, blond or light brown hair, fair or medium skin	F	100–400 AD			T1	16126C, 16163G, 16186T, 16189C, 16269G, 16294T, 16362C	Keyser 2009
Przeworsk	Poland	Karczyn [353 PET 30/580]		100-500 AD			H	7028C, 16222T	Juras 2012
Przeworsk	Poland	Karczyn [PET 30/148 ob. 157]		100-500 AD			N1a1	10238C, 16147A, 16223T, 16248T, 16320T, 16355T	Juras 2012
	Denmark	Skovgaarde [S4]	?	200-270 AD			H	7028C, 16311C	Melchior 2008a
	Denmark	Skovgaarde [S5]	F	200-270 AD			H	7028C, 16162G, 16266T, 16319A	Melchior 2008a
	Denmark	Skovgaarde [S6]	F	200-270 AD			H	7028C, 16299G	Melchior 2008a
	Denmark	Skovgaarde [S14]	F	200-270 AD			H	7028C, 16263C, 16319A	Melchior 2008a
	Denmark	Skovgaarde [S3]	F	200-270 AD			H5	7028C, 16304C, reported as H1	Melchior 2008a
	Denmark	Skovgaarde [S1]	?	200-270 AD			J	7028T, 13708A, 16069T, 16126C	Melchior 2008a
	Denmark	Skovgaarde [S9]		200-270 AD			J	7028T, 13708A, 16069T, 16093C, 16126C	Melchior 2008a
	Denmark	Skovgaarde [S2]	M	200-270 AD			K	7028T, 12308G 16224C, 16311C	Melchior 2008a
	Denmark	Skovgaarde [S11]	F?	200-270 AD			K	7028T, 12308G 16093C, 16224C, 16311C	Melchior 2008a
	Denmark	Skovgaarde [S13]	F	200-270 AD			U3a	7028T, 12308G 16343G, 16390A	Melchior 2008a
	Denmark	Skovgaarde [S7]	F	200-270 AD			V	7028T, 4580A, 16298C	Melchior 2008a
	Kazakhstan	Kok-Mardan (Kourgan 2,3,6,16)		200-500 AD			U1	16183, 16189, 16249	Lalueza-Fox 2004
	Sweden	Oxe 7 [RISE174]	M	427-611 AD			W1	73G, 263G, 709A, 750G, 1243C, 1438G, 2706G, 3107T, 3505G, 5460A, 7864T, 9020T, 11053G, 11347G, 11674T, 11719A, 11947G, 12414C, 12705T, 15326G, 16223T, 16292T, 16519C	Allentoft 2015
	Russia	Kytmanovo [RISE504]	M	721-889 AD	J2	J2a2-PH3085,SK1403 on J2 Research tree:	C4a1d	73G, 195C, 263G, 489C, 1438G, 1715T, 2706G, 3107T, 3552A, 4353C, 7196A, 9545G, 10398G, 10400T, 11719A, 11969A, 12672G, 12705T, 12940A, 13263G, 14318C, 14766T, 14783C, 15043A, 15204C, 15301A, 15326G, 15487T, 15968C, 16129A, 16150T, 16223T, 16298C, 16327T, 16519C	Allentoft 2015; Y-DNA personal communication from author + additional info from Chris Rоttensteiner