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| David VII Ulu (1247–1270) | David VI Narin (1247–1293) |
Versions of the rulers of Abkhazia:
ACCORDING TO THE "DIVAN OF THE ABKHAZIAN KINGS"
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Compiled on the initiative of King Bagrat II (978–1015). (See: Reports of Medieval Georgian Written Sources on Abkhazia. Sukhumi, 1986. Pp. 16–17).
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1. Anos.
2. Gozar, son of Anos.
3. Istvine, son of Gozar.
4. Phiniktios, son of Istvine.
5. Barnuk, son of Phiniktios.
6. Dmitri [Dmitri I], son of Barnuk.
7. Theodosius [Theodosius I], son of Dmitri [Dmitri I].
8. Constantine [Constantine I], son of Theodosius [Theodosius I].
9. Theodore, son of Constantine [Constantine I].
10. Constantine [Constantine II], son of Theodore.
11. Leon [Leon I], brother of Constantine [Constantine II], (reigned 45 years).
12. Theodosius [Theodosius II], son of Leon [Leon I], (reigned 27 years).
13. Dmitri [Dmitri II], brother of Theodosius [Theodosius II], (reigned 36 years).
14. George (George Agtsepsky) [George I], brother of Theodosius [Theodosius II] and Dmitri [Dmitri II], (reigned 7 years).
15. Bagrat [Bagrat I], son of Dmitri [Dmitri II], (reigned 12 years).
16. Constantine [Constantine III], son of Bagrat [Bagrat I], (reigned 39 years).
17. George [George II], son of Constantine [Constantine III], (reigned 45 years).
18. Leon [Leon III] *, son of George [George II], (reigned 10 years).
19. Dmitri [Dmitri III], brother of Leon [Leon III], (reigned 8 years).
20. Theodosius / Theodosius the Blind [Theodosius III], brother of Leon [Leon III] and Dmitri [Dmitri III], (reigned 3 years).
21. Bagrat [Bagrat II], son of Gurgen [ruler of the northern part of Tao] and Gurandukht, daughter of the Abkhazian king George [George II], [reigned 36 years].
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ACCORDING TO VAKHUSHTI BAGRATIONI
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Vakhushti, son of the Georgian king Vakhtang VI (18th cent.), author of the historical work "History of Georgia", part of which is devoted to the dynasty of Abkhazian kings. In fact, the author begins with the twelfth king of Abkhazia, Leon I, and ends with Bagrat II. They reigned from the 760s to the early 11th cent. Vakhushti's data became the main basis for the chronicle of Abkhazian kings compiled by M. Brosset. (See: Reports of Medieval Georgian Written Sources on Abkhazia. Sukhumi, 1986. Pp. 68–71).
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1. Leon (Levan) [Leon II], reigned 20 years ([786]–806).
2. Theodosius [Theodosius II], son of Leon [Leon II], reigned 39 years ([806]–845).
3. George [George I], brother of Theodosius [Theodosius II], reigned 15 years ([862]–877).
4. John, son of George [George I], reigned 14 years ([865]–879).
* In the "Divan" one of the Leons is missing, i.e. Leon II, who ruled Abkhazia after Leon I. Therefore, we have indicated "Leon III" in square brackets.
5. Adarnase, son of John, reigned 8 years ([879]–887).
6. Bagrat [Bagrat I], reigned 19 years ([887]–906).
7. Constantine [Constantine III], son of Bagrat [Bagrat I], reigned 15 years ([906]–921).
8. George [George II], son of Constantine [Constantine III], reigned 39 years ([916]–955).
9. Leon [Leon III], son of George [George II], reigned 2 years ([955]–957).
10. Dmitri [Dmitri III], brother of Leon [Leon III], reigned 22 years ([957]–979).
11. Theodosius / Theodosius the Blind [Theodosius III], reigned 6 years ([979]–985).
12. Bagrat [Bagrat II], son of Gurgen [ruler of the northern part of Tao] and Gurandukht, daughter of the Abkhazian king George [George II], (985–[1014]).
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ACCORDING TO DOSITHEUS NOTAROS (OR NATAROS)
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Dositheus — Patriarch of Jerusalem (1669–1771). (See: Gulia D. History of Abkhazia. [2nd edition] // Gulia D. Collected Works: In 6 vols. Vol. 6. /In Russian/. Sukhumi, 1986. P. 177).
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1. Anos.
2. Gozar.
3. Justinian.
4. Philiktios.
5. Kaparuki.
6. Demetre I.
7. Theodosius I.
8. Constantine I.
9. Theodore I.
10. Constantine II.
11. Leon I, ruled 45 years.
12. Theodosius II, 27 years.
13. Demetre II, 26 years.
14. George I Agtsupsky.
15. Pancras I, 12 years.
16. Constantine I, 12 years.
17. George II, 45 years.
18. Leon II, 10 years.
19. Demetre III, 8 years.
20. Theodosius III Burnt Eye, 3 years.
21. Antarnas-David.
22. Pancras II, nephew of Antarnas, from 992, 30 years.
23. David, 12 years.
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ACCORDING TO D. BAKRADZE
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(See: Gulia D. History of Abkhazia. [2nd edition] // Gulia D. Collected Works: In 6 vols. Vol. 6. /In Russian/. Sukhumi, 1986. P. 176).
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1. Leon I.
2. Leon II.
3. Theodosius I.
4. George I Akhetupsky.
5. John.
6. Adarnase.
7. Bagrat I.
8. Constantine.
9. George II.
10. Demetre.
11. Leon III.
12. Theodosius II (III).
13. Bagrat II.
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ACCORDING TO F. JORDANIA
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The author gives only the names of several kings who reigned in the late 9th–10th cent. (See: Jordania F. Chronicle of Abkhazian Kings // Spiritual Herald of the Georgian Exarchate. Nos. 13–14. Tiflis, 1902. Pp. 1–25).
Constantine (died in 908).
Bagrat, son of Constantine and brother of King George I (908–[?]).
George (died in 966).
Leon, son of George (co-ruler with his aged father: 960s).
Demetre (Dmitri) (died in 981).
Theodosius (981–984).
Bagrat III (985–[?]).
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ACCORDING TO E. TAKAISHVILI
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(See: Takaichvili E. Les Sources des notices du patriarche de Jérusalem Dosithée sur les rois d'Apkhazie // Journ. As. C. 210/1927/. Pp. 357–368. Kollautz A. Abasgia. Abhazya Tarihi'nin Bizans Donemi'ne Ait Belgeleri / Çeviren Bahriye Çetebi. Istanbul, 2000. P. 28. Gulia D. History of Abkhazia. [2nd edition] // Gulia D. Collected Works: In 6 vols. Vol. 6. /In Russian/. Sukhumi, 1986. P. 177).
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Anos.
Gozar.
Istvine.
Phiniktios.
Baruk.
Dmitri I.
Theodosius I.
Constantine I.
Theodore.
Constantine II.
Leon I [746–791].
Theodosius II [791–818].
Demetre II [818–854].
George I Agtsupsky [854–861].
Adarnase [853–861].
Bagrat I [861–873].
Constantine III [873–912].
George II [912–957].
Leon II [957–967].
Dmitri III [967–975].
Theodosius III Burnt Eye [975–978].
Bagrat II [978–1014].
George III [1014–1027].
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ACCORDING TO D. GULIA
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The author gives a list of Abkhazian kings from Leon I to Bagrat II with the years of their reigns. (See: Gulia D. History of Abkhazia. [2nd edition] // Gulia D. Collected Works: In 6 vols. Vol. 6. /In Russian/. Sukhumi, 1986. P. 182).
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Leon I (746–791).
Theodosius II (791–818).
Demetre II (818–854).
George I (854–861).
Bagrat I (861–873).
Constantine III (873–912).
George II (912–957).
Leon II (957–967).
Dmitri III (967–975).
Theodosius III (975–978).
Bagrat II (978–1014).
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ACCORDING TO C. TOUMANOFF
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The author lists the kings who reigned from 735, i.e. he continues the list of rulers given in the "Divan of the Abkhazian Kings". Thus, in the count, Leon I is the tenth king. (See: Toumanoff C. Chronology of the Kings of Abasgia // Le Muséon, 69/1956/. Pp. 73–90).
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Leon I (736–766/67).
Leon II (766/67–810/11).
Theodosius II (810/11–836/37).
Dmitri II (836/37–871/72).
George I (871/72–877/78).
John (877/78–[879]).
Adarnase (879–887).
Bagrat I (887–899).
Constantine III (899–915/16).
George II (915/16–959/60).
Leon III (959/60–968/69).
Dmitri III (968/69–975/76).
Theodosius III (975/76–978).
Bagrat III [II] (978–1014).
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ACCORDING TO D. CHACHKHALIA
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The researcher gives the names of all rulers known in history of individual Abkhazian ethno-political entities and the kings of the united Abkhazian kingdom. Relying on many sources, he compiled the most complete chronicle of Abkhazian kings of the first millennium AD. (See: Chachkhalia D. Chronicle of Abkhazian Kings. Articles. Notes. Supplement. M., 1999. Pp. 3–39).
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Julian, king of Apsilia, confirmed in power by the Roman emperor Trajan (late 1st – early 2nd cent. AD).
Rismag, king of Abasgia, confirmed in power by the Roman emperor Hadrian.
Spadag, king of the Sanigs, confirmed in power by the emperor Hadrian (early 2nd cent.).
Stakhemflak, king of the Zikhs (early 2nd cent.).
Rigvadin, ruler of Abasgia during the time of the Roman emperor Diocletian (early 4th cent.).
Skeparna, ruler of Western Abasgia (550s).
Opsit, ruler of Eastern Abasgia (550s).
Anos, king of the Abkhazians (early 7th cent.).
Gozar, son of Anos, ruler of Abkhazia.
Justin (in Georgian sources — Istvine or Istvine, in the list of Patriarch Dositheus Notaros — Justinian), son of Gozar, third king of the Abkhazians.
Phiniktios (Feliktios), son of Justin, fourth king of the Abkhazians.
Baruk, son of Phiniktios.
Dmitri I, son of Baruk, sixth king of Abkhazia.
Theodosius I, son of Dmitri I, seventh king of the Abkhazians.
Constantine I, son of Theodosius I, eighth king of the Abkhazians.
Theodosius II, son of Constantine I, ninth king of Abkhazia.
Marin, ruling prince of Apsilia, patrician (710s).
Constantine II, son of Theodosius II, tenth king of the Abkhazians.
Leon I, brother of Constantine II, eleventh king of Abkhazia (736–767).
Eustathius, son of Marin, ruler of Apsilia (740s).
Leon II, son of Theodosius, king of Abkhazia (767–811).
Theodosius II [III. — V. B.], son of Leon II, king of Abkhazia (811–837).
Dmitri II, younger son of Leon II, king of Abkhazia (837–872).
George I / George Agtsepsky, third son of Leon II, king of Abkhazia (872–878).
John, usurper, seized the Abkhazian throne as a result of bloody palace intrigues instigated by the widow of George I (878–879).
Athanasius, son of the usurper John (879–887).
Bagrat I, son of Dmitri II, king of Abkhazia (887–899).
Constantine III, son of Bagrat I, king of Abkhazia (899–929).
George II, [son of Constantine III], king of Abkhazia (929–960).
Leon III, son of George II, Abkhazian king (960–969).
Dmitri III, brother of Leon III, king of Abkhazia (969–976).
Theodosius III [IV. — V. B.] / Theodosius the Blind, younger brother of George II, king of Abkhazia (976–978).
Gurandukht, daughter of the Abkhazian king George II, regent (ruled the country during the said period on account of the minority of her son Bagrat II), (975–978).
Bagrat II, son of Gurandukht and Gurgen — ruler of the northern part of Tao (978–1015). From his father Gurgen and his tutor — King David Kuropalates of Tao-Klarjeti, Bagrat II inherits Tao-Klarjeti and Kartli. In effect, he becomes the Abkhazian-Georgian king. Bagrat II is the author of the manifesto known in history as the "Divan of the Abkhazian Kings".
Materials:
All rulers of Abkhazia
Abkhazian Kingdom. 786 CE
Anthroponymic repertoire of the "Divan of the Abkhazian kings". G. A. Amichba
Chronicle of the Abkhazian kings. F. Jordania 1902
Bgazhba O. Kh., Lakoba S. Z. History of Abkhazia from ancient times to the present day. 2007
Culture and ideology of early medieval Abkhazia (5th–10th centuries). Amichba 1999
"History of Abkhazia in dates". T. A. Achugba 2011
Circumnavigation of the Euxine Sea. Flavius Arrian
Naturalis Historia. Pliny the Elder 77–79. Latin-English 1969
Reports of ancient Greek and Latin writers about Scythia and the Caucasus. Latyshev 1947
Constantine Porphyrogenitus. On the Administration of the Empire: Text, translation, commentary. Litavrin 1991
957–1400 AD. Georgian inscriptions in Abkhazia.