Cultures
13000—8500 BC
Agriculture 9500—3800 BC Maciamo Hay
.png)
6000—5000 BC Maciamo Hay
5500 BC Maciamo Hay
4500—3500 BC Maciamo Hay
2800—2500 BC Maciamo Hay
2000—1500 BC Maciamo Hay
Cultures of 2000 BC
Cultures of 1500 BC
1500 BC
States:
1 – Egypt (area: 1,079 thousand sq. km, population – 8,000,000, capital – Men-nefer, ruler – Pharaoh Djehutimes III).
2 – Amurru (confederation of tribes).
3 – Ashtata.
4 – Yamhad (area: 14 thousand sq. km, capital – Aleppo, ruler – Indri-Mi).
5 – Kassite Babylonia (area: 354 thousand sq. km, population – 3,000,000, capital – Babylon, ruler – lugal Burna-Buriash I).
6 – Sealand (area: 77 thousand sq. km, population – 300,000).
7 – Chaldea (Semitic Arabic-speaking tribes that came from Central Arabia)
8 – Magan (relict of Dravidian tribes that once inhabited all of Eastern and Northeastern Arabia).
9 – Elam (area: 117 thousand sq. km, capital – Susa, ruler – sukkal-mah Kuter-Nahhunte II)
10 – Ashur (area: 29 thousand sq. km, population – 200,000, capital – Ashur, ruler – Puzur-Ashur III) Strongly dependent on Hanigalbat.
11 – Hanigalbat – confederation of kingdoms (Hurrians led by the Aryan dynasty of Mitanni) (area: 353 thousand sq. km, population – 1,500,000, ruler – Shuttarna I).
12 – Kizzuwatna – ethnically a mixture of Hurrians and incoming Luwians (area: 74 thousand sq. km, capital – Kummanni, ruler – Isputahshu)
13 – Hapalla
14 – Arzawa (Luwians)
15 – Millawanda (although there is a hypothesis of the identity of Millawanda with later Miletus)
16 – Lukka (probably pre-Indo-European population)
17 – Hittites (area: 185 thousand sq. km, population 250,000, capital – Hattusa, ruler – tabarna Tahurwaili).
Kaskian tribes (18-21), who lived in Asia Minor before the arrival of the Hitto-Luwians and are related to modern Adyghe and Abkhaz.
18 – Sukhma
19 – Hayasa
20 – Halila
21 – Ishupita
22 – Pala – kingdom of a people related to the Hittites.
23 – Troy (area: 121 thousand sq. km, capital – Troy (Wilusa)).
24 – Crete – ethnically newcomers from Asia Minor, related to its pre-Hittite population – the Hattians (area: 18 thousand sq. km, population – 1,000,000, capital – Knossos).
25 – Achaean Greece - city-states on the eve of the Thera catastrophe (area: 58 thousand sq. km, population – 500,000).
Tribal unions:
Iberians and other descendants of the Bell Beaker culture expansion (26-41).
26 – El Argar culture (Iberian tribes)
27 – Rhône culture (Ligurian tribes)
28 – Nuragic culture (Sardinian tribes)
29 – Corsicans.
30 – Sicani.
31 – Armorican culture (possibly the tribes of the Osismii, who came from Britain and are related in origin to the tribes of the Wessex culture).
32 – Wessex culture.
33 – Food Vessel culture and other British cultures (ancient pre-Celtic Picts).
34 – Irish Bell Beaker cultures.
35 – Adlerberg culture
36 – Unetice culture
37 – Otomani culture.
38 – Pecica culture.
39 – Girla Mare culture.
40 – Verbicioara culture.
41 – other Bell Beaker cultures (possibly the tribes of the Osismii).
Chassey-Capsian tribes (42-46)
42 – Seine-Oise-Marne (SOM) culture.
43 – Lake dwellings culture.
44 – Polada culture.
45 – Remedello-Terramare cultures (ancient Rhaeto-Etruscans, not yet subjected to Asia Minor influences).
46 – Artenac culture.
Japhetic tribes of the Mediterranean (47-49).
47 – Sicels.
48 – South Italian cultures.
49 – Bubani-Hum and other Balkan cultures, pushed back by migrations of Iberians and Indo-Europeans to the southwest. In Epirus at this time one of the Pelasgian tribes is based (Pelasgians – non-Indo-European tribe of the Cycladic culture).
Japhetic tribes of the Caucasus (50-57).
50 – Colchian culture (originally Japhetic, but after the 12th century BC assimilation of the primary Colchians by ancient Georgian tribes occurs).
51 – Central Caucasian culture – heir of the Koban culture.
52 – Kayakent-Khorochoev culture (ancient Dagestani tribes, and possibly the earliest Khazars).
53 – Kuban culture (ancient Adyghe tribes).
54 – North Caucasian culture.
55 – Kzyld-Koba culture (Tauri).
56 – Catacomb culture (essentially a remnant of the Yamnaya tribes on their homeland, strongly assimilated by Caucasian tribes that came from the south during the heyday of the Maykop civilization).
57 – Balanovo culture (whose tribes advanced far north and came under strong influence of the Fatyanovo and Abashevo tribes of the Central Russian zone, but preserved the racial type that can be traced in the region until the 9th century BC).
Indo-European tribes
58 – Single Grave culture (ancient branch of the Germans).
Baltic tribes (59-66)
59 – Saxo-Thuringian culture.
60 – Oder culture.
61 – Zlota culture.
62 – Baltic culture.
63 – Middle Dnieper culture.
64 – Fatyanovo culture.
65 – Boat Axe culture of Finland.
66 – Boat Axe culture of Sweden.
67 – Tumulus culture (possibly the tribes of the Veneti).
68 – Komarovo culture (derives from the Corded Ware cultures of the north and serves as a link between these cultures and the Tumulus culture, but post-Trypillia influences are also strong; possibly these are the ancient Slavs).
Ancient Yamnaya tribes (remnants of the once extensive Yamnaya community) (69-73)
69 – Monteoru culture (possibly ancient Thracian tribes).
70 – Tei culture.
71 – Maryanovo culture.
72 – Wittenberg culture.
73 – Fusenbashen culture.
74 – Dorian Greek tribes.
75 – Phrygian tribes.
Post-Trypillia tribes (Trypillia – originally a Japhetic civilization in the last period of its existence assimilated by Yamnaya tribes) (76-79).
76 – Carpathian culture.
77 – Stryzhavka culture.
78 – Multi-roller pottery culture.
79 – Kostysha culture.
Iranian tribes (80-82)
80 – Abashevo culture.
81 – Pozdnyakovo culture (deriving from Abashevo).
82 – Sapalli culture (Indo-Iranian tribes, related to grey ware).
83 – Poltavka culture (one of the branches of the ancient Yamnaya community, ancestors of the Srubnaya tribes of the Cimmerians).
Tocharian tribes (84-87)
84 – Andronovo cultural community.
85 – Tazabagyab culture.
86 – Tarim mummies culture.
87 – Cherkaskul culture.
88 – Grey ware culture (Indo-Aryan tribes)
Kartvelian tribes (89-91)
89 – Samtavro culture.
90 – Trialeti culture.
91 – Eastern Caucasian culture.
Dravidian tribes
92 – Dashla culture.
93 – Harappan cultures
Finnic tribes (94-99)
94 – Asbestos ware culture.
95 – Porous ware culture.
96 – Mesh ware culture.
97 – Choynovtin culture.
98 – Kiukainen culture.
99 – Prikazan culture.
Samoyedic tribes (100-102)
100 – Samus culture.
101 – Krotovo culture.
102 – Sartynya culture.
Semitic tribes (103-107)
103 – Midian
104 – Sutian tribes
105 – Aramean tribes
106 – various Arab tribes
107 – Ethio-Semitic tribes
Bronze production in 1500 BC:
Egypt – 350 tons.
Mesopotamia – 1,400 tons.
Cultures of 1500 BC.