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A Neolithic culture of Palestine from the 8th–5th millennium BC, which replaced the Natufian culture. It was replaced by tribes of the Yarmukian culture arriving from the north.

It was named after Wadi Tahun, located in central Palestine, where the industry characteristic of this period was first found. Artifacts of this culture are found in the Judean Hills and the Negev Desert. Abu Ghosh is the type site of the Tahunian culture. Jean Perrot discovered there the remains of one-room quadrangular houses with conical roofs. In the later period of its existence, stable ties with Egypt (Tasian culture) emerged. The last Tahunian tools of the Tasian culture in Egypt apparently date to the 5th millennium BC and even to the beginning of the 4th.

According to one version, the ancestral home of the Tahunians was southeastern Asia Minor and they had kinship ties with the tribes of the Swiderian culture. The center of the culture was Jericho B. The sanctuaries have the form of a megaron. The main occupation of the population was agriculture combined with hunting with bows and arrows. There is evidence of goat domestication.

A large settlement of the Ceramic Neolithic and Chalcolithic period in southern Anatolia, located 50 km south of the Turkish city of Konya. It is the largest and best-preserved Neolithic settlement discovered. The earliest cultural layers found date to 7500 BC. The settlement existed until 5700 BC. The inhabitants left the settlement before the onset of the Bronze Age. The settlement was located 140 km from the double peak of Mount Hasan Dağı. The eastern part of the settlement forms a mound rising 20 m above the plain. Due to this location, the settlement dominated the vast fields of the Konya Plain southeast of the modern Turkish city of Konya. To the west of the settlement there was another smaller settlement, and a Byzantine-era village was discovered several hundred meters to the east. Between the two settlement mounds there was a channel diverted from the Çarşamba River. The Neolithic settlement at Çatalhöyük occupied an area of about 13 hectares, of which about 0.5 hectares have been excavated to date.

The bodies of the deceased were buried under the floors of houses, most often under hearths and other internal elevations, along with grave goods: precious and semi-precious stones, weapons, fabrics and wooden vessels. The bodies of the deceased were carefully wrapped and often placed in woven baskets or wrapped in reed mats. Since the skeletons are often disarticulated, it is assumed that the bodies were exposed to the open air for a long time before burial, after which only the bones were buried. Sometimes the skulls were separated, probably for use in some ritual, as they are found in other parts of the settlement. Some skulls were covered with alabaster, modeling the face, and painted with ochre. Similar customs were also found among the populations of other Neolithic settlements, for example, in Jericho and in the territory of modern Syria.


Wall paintings usually depict hunting scenes, men with erect phalluses, images of now-extinct large ungulates, deer and vultures. The depiction of a double peak (possibly Mount Hasan Dağı, and possibly Elbrus) is sometimes regarded as the first example of landscape painting or cartography in history, although other researchers see it only as a geometric ornament. In addition to wall paintings, reliefs in the form of leopards facing each other and many female figurines made of marble, brown and blue limestone, calcite, slate, basalt, alabaster and clay have been found. The figurines are believed to depict the Mother Goddess.

J-SK1317 split from J-Z35831 7,450 BC, MRCA 3,900 BC > J-FTA28008 split from J-BY175871 500 BC, MRCA 400 BC 1858—1933. Daut Arshba (Ҷыхә-иԥацәа), Atishadu, Abkhazia > Arshba

Abkhazia 5%, Adygea 3%, Georgia 1%, Kabardino-Balkaria 1%, Karachay-Cherkessia 1%

Shushuk 14 (J-SK1317) — a man who lived between 1612 and 1501 BC in the Late Bronze Age. His remains were found in the region now known as Shushuk, Pobeda, Russia (Republic of Adygea). He belonged to the cultural group "Caucasian Bronze Age." His direct maternal lineage belongs to mitochondrial haplogroup U5a1g2. Source: SUS014 from Ghalichi et al. 2024.

Shushuk 9 (J-SK1317) — a man who lived between 1612 and 1501 BC in the Late Bronze Age. His remains were found in the region now known as Shushuk, Pobeda, Russia (Republic of Adygea). He belonged to the cultural group "Caucasian Bronze Age." His direct maternal lineage belongs to mitochondrial haplogroup U5a1g2. Source: SUS014 from Ghalichi et al. 2024.

Felgyő 193 (J-SK1317) — a man who lived between 650 and 750 AD in the Medieval period. His remains were found in the region now known as Ürmös tanya, Fegyő, Hungary. He belonged to the cultural group "Middle Avars." His direct maternal lineage belongs to mitochondrial haplogroup U3b1b. Source: FUper193 from Maróti et al. 2022.

Hacılar (Turkish: Hacılar) is a Neolithic site in southwestern Turkey, 25 km southwest of Burdur. Archaeological excavations have shown that the inhabitants abandoned the site several times and returned to it. The earliest finds date to 7040 BC.

After the disappearance of the settlement, a tell (mound) formed on its site, which in 1956 was shown to the English archaeologist James Mellaart by a local teacher. Excavations at the site began under the direction of Mellaart in 1957 and continued until 1960. The found artifacts are now kept in the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations in Ankara.

The houses at Hacılar formed groups surrounding the inner courtyard of the village. Each dwelling was built on a stone foundation to protect against water. The walls were made of wood and plaster or unfired clay brick bonded with lime mortar. Inside the house, a flat roof was supported by wooden pillars. It is believed that the houses had an upper floor made of wood.

The interior walls were covered with plaster and painted in places. On the floor were found quern stones, braziers and mortars. Niches in the walls were used as cupboards. The kitchen was separated from the living rooms, and the upper floor was used as a workshop.

At the 5700 BC level, figurines of a goddess riding a leopard or standing holding a leopard cub were found. Also found were figurines of a standing, sitting and reclining goddess, alone or with a child. Sometimes she is naked, sometimes in a cache-sexe loincloth. At a later level (5435–5200 BC), figurines of the goddess were no longer present.

In the later stages of the settlement's existence, the Hacılar culture is characterized by refined ceramics richly decorated with geometric forms.

The Hacılar culture is linked to the Nea Nikomedeia culture of mainland Greece.