arshba.ru

Materials:

Sources in the "Library" section
FTDNA Caucasian Project
FTDNA Adygian Project
FTDNA Georgian Project
FTDNA Ossetian Project
Gene pools of Abkhaz-Adyghe peoples, Georgians and Armenians. Teuchezh 2013
What DNA genealogy says about Caucasians. Klyosov 2013
Genetic diversity of the Caucasus population. Dibirova 2007
Origin of haplogroup G2a1a among Ossetians. Sabitov 2011
Litvinov 2010. Study of the genetic structure of the Western Caucasus
Balanovsky 2012. Variability of the gene pool in space and time
Balanovsky 2011. Evolution of Genes and Languages in the Caucasus
Data on Y-DNA haplogroups of the Western Caucasus. Litvinov 2007
Data on Y-DNA haplogroups of the Western Caucasus. Balanovsky 2012
Balanovsky 2011. Evolution of North Caucasus Languages
Balanovsky 2011. Genetic reconstruction of the evolution of North Caucasus
Balanovsky 2011. Supplementary Data
Balanovsky 2011. Supplementary Table
Genetics of Abkhazians and the Western Caucasus

Presumed place of origin: possibly Asia

Haplogroup T-M70 is tentatively associated with such ancient peoples as the Sumerians, Elamites and Phoenicians.

Among Abkhazians, it constitutes 0.6%.

More about haplogroup T-M70

Representatives of J2a and J2b (presumably together with mtDNA J1c, J2a1, T1a1, T2a1b, T2b, T2e and T2f1) advance toward the Balkans. This population settles in Turkey, Greece, Macedonia, Albania, Serbia and Bulgaria.

After leaving Anatolia, J2b splits into two subclades:

• J2b1 is mainly found in Turkey and Greece.
• J2b2 spread to the Balkans, Europe, Central Asia, India and then returned to the Middle East.

Sources:

Maciamo Hay

J-Y12610 (J2a1b2, J-Y12603) split from J-Z6046 14,000 BC, MRCA 13,000 BC > J-FTA28008 split from J-BY175871 500 BC, MRCA 400 BC 1858—1933. Daut Arshba (Ҷыхә-иԥацәа), Atishadu, Abkhazia > Arshba

North Ossetia 13%, Abkhazia 5%, Adygea 3%, Georgia 3%, Kabardino-Balkaria 1%, Karachay-Cherkessia 1%, Chechnya 1%

J-SK1313 (J2a1b2, J-Y12379) split from J-Y12610 13,000 BC, MRCA 9,700 BC > J-FTA28008 split from J-BY175871 500 BC, MRCA 400 BC 1858—1933. Daut Arshba (Ҷыхә-иԥацәа), Atishadu, Abkhazia > Arshba

North Ossetia 13%, Abkhazia 5%, Adygea 3%, Georgia 3%, Kabardino-Balkaria 1%, Karachay-Cherkessia 1%, Chechnya 1%

Kotias (J-SK1313) — a man who lived between 7940 and 7599 BC in the Upper Paleolithic era. His remains were found in the region now known as Kotias Klde Cave, Chiatura, Georgia. He belonged to the cultural group "Kotias." His direct maternal lineage belongs to mitochondrial haplogroup H13c. Source: Kotias from Jones et al. 2015.

Presumed place of origin: Syria

Among Abkhazians, it constitutes 24%.

More about haplogroup G-P287

Presumed place of origin: Northeast Africa

When calculating the age of haplogroup E-M78, Cruciani 2007 used two different methods and obtained two results: 18,600 and 13,700 years. The authors claim that the difference arose due to a repeated founder effect.

Among Abkhazians, it constitutes 1.3%.

More about haplogroup E-M78

An archaeological culture of the Mesolithic.

It existed in the Levant from about 12,500 to 9,500 BC, presumably developing from a hybrid of the local but earlier Kebaran culture and the Mushabian culture.

More details.