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The Mongols passed through Asia Minor and Transcaucasia, suppressing the resistance of Georgian and Armenian forces. Most of the Abkhazian Kingdom (or already Georgia), all of Armenia and central Anatolia fell under Mongol rule. In 1236, the Mongols invaded Transcaucasia for the third and final time, and the Abkhazian Kingdom, weakened by wars with the Khwarazmshah, could not resist them. By 1240, the entire country was occupied by the Mongols, and Queen Rusudan was in Kutaisi. In 1242, she signed a peace with the Mongols, under which she recognized herself as a vassal of the khan and undertook to pay him tribute. After this, according to the Armenian historian Hayton (13th century), the eastern part came to be called – Georgia, the western – Apvas (Abkhazia). In subsequent periods, the country was divided first into two, and then into a larger number of principalities. More details.

Daughter of Queen Tamar and David Soslan. Rusudan's reign marks the end of the golden age of Georgian history. Rusudan was too weak to preserve the independence and integrity of the state in the face of the Mongol threat.

She ascended the throne on January 18, 1223, after the death of her brother George IV, who had been seriously wounded in battle with the Mongols.

In the third year of Rusudan's reign, in the autumn of 1225, the troops of the Khwarazmshah Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu, who had fled from Khwarazm from the Mongols, invaded Georgia. The Georgian troops under the leadership of John Mkhargrdzeli suffered a heavy defeat at the Battle of Garni, after which the road to Tbilisi, Kars and Ganja was open for the Khwarazmian troops. They besieged Tbilisi, and the royal court moved to Kutaisi. On March 9, 1226, Jalal ad-Din took Tbilisi and completely sacked the city. In 1227, Jalal ad-Din again took Tbilisi; although he was forced to leave the city after Rusudan concluded an alliance with the Sultanate of Rum, all of eastern Georgia was under his control until 1230.

In 1236, the Mongols invaded Transcaucasia for the third and final time, and Georgia, weakened by wars with the Khwarazmshah, could not resist them. By 1240, the entire country was occupied by the Mongols, and Rusudan was in Kutaisi. In 1242, she signed a peace with the Mongols, under which she recognized Georgia as a vassal of the khan and undertook to pay him tribute.

According to Vakhushti Bagrationi, in 1224 Rusudan married the Seljuk prince Muhammad Mughis al-Din Turkan Shah (grandson of Sultan Kilij Arslan II), who adopted Christianity with the name Demetrius. Her daughter Tamar was given in marriage to the Seljuk Sultan Kaykhusraw II, and after his death — to Pervane, the vizier and de facto ruler of the sultanate.

After Rusudan's death, the united Georgian state ceased to exist. Her son David VI Narin was sent to the khan's court and returned to Georgia only after Rusudan's death. The Franciscan friar Plano Carpini saw him there at the end of 1246. The Mongols supported both him and another claimant to the throne, the illegitimate son of George IV, later known as David VII Ulu. As a result, after a period of interregnum (lasting until 1247), the state split into two — Western and Eastern Georgia.


Materials:

All rulers of Abkhazia

Abkhazian Kingdom. 786 CE
Anthroponymic repertoire of the "Divan of the Abkhazian kings". G. A. Amichba
Chronicle of the Abkhazian kings. F. Jordania 1902
Bgazhba O. Kh., Lakoba S. Z. History of Abkhazia from ancient times to the present day. 2007
Culture and ideology of early medieval Abkhazia (5th–10th centuries). Amichba 1999
"History of Abkhazia in dates". T. A. Achugba 2011
Circumnavigation of the Euxine Sea. Flavius Arrian
Naturalis Historia. Pliny the Elder 77–79. Latin-English 1969
Reports of ancient Greek and Latin writers about Scythia and the Caucasus. Latyshev 1947
Constantine Porphyrogenitus. On the Administration of the Empire: Text, translation, commentary. Litavrin 1991

In the third year of Rusudan's reign, in the autumn of 1225, the troops of the Khwarazmshah Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu, who had fled from Khwarazm from the Mongols, invaded Georgia. The Georgian troops under the leadership of John Mkhargrdzeli suffered a heavy defeat at the Battle of Garni, after which the road to Tbilisi, Kars and Ganja was open for the Khwarazmian troops. They besieged Tbilisi, and the royal court moved to Kutaisi. On March 9, 1226, Jalal ad-Din took Tbilisi and completely sacked the city. In 1227, Jalal ad-Din again took Tbilisi; although he was forced to leave the city after Rusudan concluded an alliance with the Sultanate of Rum, all of eastern Georgia was under his control until 1230.

In 1236, the Mongols invaded Transcaucasia for the third and final time, and the Abkhazian Kingdom, weakened by wars with the Khwarazmshah, could not resist them. By 1240, the entire country was occupied by the Mongols, and Rusudan was in Kutaisi. In 1242, she signed a peace with the Mongols, under which she recognized herself as a vassal of the khan and undertook to pay him tribute.

Around 1239, the Hungarian king Béla IV allowed the Cumans and Alans to settle in Central Hungary. The Alans (in Hungarian, Jász) settled in the area that came to be called Jászság, whose administrative center later became the city of Jászberény. The name of the city of Iași on the Prut River is also associated with the Jász-Alans. It is also recorded that in 1323, King Charles Robert allowed the Jász to fight under his banners.

In two sources from the mid-16th century, it is said that during this period the Jász still preserved their language, but by 1693 it is reported that they had already switched to Hungarian. The Jász were granted privileges that they enjoyed until 1848, and the autonomous rights of the Jászság region were abolished only in 1876. In Hungary, seven localities are known under the name Eszlár (Oszlár), associated with Aslar 'Ases', i.e., the name of the Alans — as and the Turkic plural marker -lar. More about the Jász.